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Daily consumption

As pigeons grow up very rapidly, it is difficult to determine the ideal consumption. The velocity of transit of each individual has to determine the maximum quantity to supply. The big crop capacity of colombiforms make the possibility that overfeeding happens, possibility that we must avoid. In order to take as example, the rock pigeon consumes daily an amount of hand feeding formula made that is about 60% and 40% of its alive weight when it is prepared, it is distributed in 3-4 doses and with a maximum recommended dose of approximately 200 ml per day.

Recommendations

The Frugivorous Pigeon hand-feeding formula should be prepared with hot water (a temperature between 35 -38?C is enough) in sufficient quantity to achieve a creamy texture (about 20%- 25% concentration). It is a continuation formula, that is going to substitute gradually the crop milk given during the first days of the pigeon's life and that it is going to be supplied to them until the finalization of the weaning process. Although, each species requires the application of an specific protocol, taking as an example a granivorous pigeon, the rock dove, the introduction of the continuation hand feeding formula begins when they are 4-5 days and the process of the substitution of crop milk must ended when they are 10-12 days (look the protocol of hand feeding formula for this species).

Composition

Cereal grains, products and by-products of oil seeds and oil fruits, legume seeds, fructose, dried apple, vegetable oils, beer yeast, pollen, dried papaya, whole dried egg, dried flower Hibiscus, minerals, inulin (0,05%).

Additives

Vitamins, provitamins and substances chemically defined as having ananalogous effect: E-672 Vitamin A: 3100 UI/kg; E-671 Vitamin D3: 1100 UI/kg; Vitamin E (?-tocoferolacetate): 130 mg/kg; Vitamin K3 (menadione sodium bisulphite): 3,4 mg/kg; Vitamin B1(thiamin hydrochloride): 26 mg/kg; Vitamin B2 (riboflavin): 17 mg/kg; Vitamin B6 (pyridoxal hydrochloride): 21 mg/kg; Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin): 85?g/kg; Vitamin C (monophosphate of ascorbic acid): 100 mg/kg; Nicotinic acid: 105 mg/kg; Folic acid: 3,4 mg/kg; Biotin: 580?g/kg; Choline Chloride: 1120 mg/kg

Trace elements or compounds of trace elements (added):

E-1 Iron (iron chelate of hydrated amino acids): 49 mg/kg; E-4 Copper (copper chelate of hydrated amino acids): 5 mg/kg; E-5 Manganese (manganese chelate of hydrated amino acids): 49 mg/kg; E-6 Zinc (zine chelate of hydrated amino acids): 28 mg/kg; E-2 Iodine (anhydrous calcium iodate): 0,7 mg/kg; E-8 Selenium (sodium selenite): 0,15 mg/kg Antioxidants: Etoxiquin: 70 mg/kg Flavouring compounds: mixture of flavouring compounds (contains 0.015% yucca extract)

Nutritional constituents

Moisture 8.0%, Crude Protein 16,0%, Crude Fat 7,0%, Crude Fibres 3,8%, Crude Ash 4,4%

Renowned herpetologist and TV personality, Professor Mark O?Shea (MBE) explains the snakebite health crisis.

Using scientific research and real observations, we talk through the very best way to keep a royal python.

Chelonia specialist, Eleanor Tirtisana-Chubb provides expert hibernation advice for tortoise keepers.

REPTA representatives, Chris Newman and David Perry explain what CITES is and how it impacts the trade of wild animals.

In this month?s ?Keeper Basics? we focus on marine fish tanks, plus the usual species spotlights, fascinating facts and exotics news.

True 6500K Kelvin LED light source.

• High light levels at the right wavelengths for powerful plant growth.
• Perfect to use increase visible light levels and alongside UVB emitting lamps.
• 14 Watts
• Lumens: > 1700

A complete and nutritionally balanced diet for Goldfish, Koi, Orfe, and all pond fish specially formulated with insect meal to naturally support health and easy digestion whilst reducing waste. A special blend of food sticks to provide a varied diet for all pond fish. Brown Pellets: With added spirulina algae, shrimp, krill, grass meal and carrot to enhance the red and orange colour of your fish. Beige pellets: Contains wheat germ and insect meal for easy digestibility along with natural ingredients to support the fishes immune system. 3mm diameter pellets which are easily consumed by all pond fish over 8cm in length.

Feed 1 ? 2 times per day on as much as your fish will consume in 5 minutes. Avoid overfeeding as any uneaten food will decompose and pollute the water, encouraging algae growth. At water temperatures below 10oC feed FishScience Cold Weather Food.

The Evo evolved...

New for 2022 is the Evo Connected range of thermostats.

Taking all the great features of the Evo range and then adding even more industry firsts, to further enchance the environmental control of your collection.

Monitor and control your thermostat from anywhere in the world using the Evo connected mobile application or the web dash board (wifi connection required to thermostat).

An all new capacative touch display unit, sensors on every channel, cloud connectivity, ramp times and seasons mode are amongst a few of the new features you will find on the new connected range of Evo thermostats.

All new display....

The all new capacative touch display panel greatly improves the user experience with super fast reaction times and a smooth all glass fronted design.

Gloss black bezels make the new display unit a thing of beauty and looks at home pride of place on the front of your reptiles home.

EVO Connected Pro

Three Channel Cloud connected thermostat.

• One Dimming Pulse Channel
• One On Off Channel
• One On Off Channel with a Humidity Sensor

Each channel has its own IP rated sensor which can be used to monitor the temperature even if the channel is being used to control lighting.

This is perfect for monitoring the cool end if the main probe is in the basking area. This allows data logging across the full temperature gradient of the enclosure.

Keep all the cables out of sight with the main control box housing all of the connections with just a single cable to the all new display.

Mounting soloution built directly into the all new capacitive touch display and into the main control box.

It just keeps getting better

Built in mounting soloution for the all new Capacative touch glass fronted display.

Easy and familiar menu system - many people loved the menu system on the Evo and have become used to the layout. Good news is the on screen menu has stayed largely the same meaning you can dive straight back in without a steep learning curve.

As with the previous generation of Evo there is an on screen temperature history graph accessible from the touch screen display.

Evo Connected App

The app avaliable on IOS and Android is the control centre for your whole reptiles collection.

Add as many thermostats to your app as you require to monitor and control your collection from anywhere in the world.

Real time data is displayed on your thermostats home screen including temperature graphs with up to 1 years data avaliable at your finger tip, current channel temperatures, current set points and the power output status of each channel.

Easily switch between thermostats from the app home screen and mix different types of Evo Connected within the one app.

Invite friends, family or co workers to your collection on the app with varying levels of access.

Simple to use menus

The app couldnt be easier to use...

Simply laid out menus to access basic through to advanced features.

Taking all the great features of the Evo range and then adding even more industry firsts.

Monitor and control your thermostat from anywhere in the world using the Evo connected mobile application or the web dash board (wifi connection required to thermostat).

So much control...

Each channel has the option of basic control all the way through to advanced features.

Name each channel so that it is easy to identify. The channels and outputs are also colour coded to make quick identification easy.

Choose which control type you require for the channel between Dimming or Pulse.

Each channel can be set to either Heating, Cooling or Fixed control.

Various timing modes can be selected to provide basic to all year round control.

Ramp Time

You can now select a ramp time which makes temperature changes much more natural for your animal.

When a new set point is reached the ramp time affects how long the temperature change takes place over.

This is great for when the transition from night time to daytime occurs. You can now enter a time so that your vivarium does not heat rapidly from a low night time temperature to a high day time temperature. The transition can now take place over an hour or two hours leading to a much more natural change in temperature combined with the multi setting this allows a completely natural temperature cycle for the whole 24hr period.

Timing

Control the environment exactly how you would like from the simple constant setting through to different settings for each season. The choice is yours.

Constant: One temperature or setting 24hrs a day.

Day & Night: A different temperature or setting for daytime and nightime hours.

Multi: 8 different temperatures or settings over a 24hr period.

Seasons: The ability to set different day and night time settings for each season of the year.

Periodic: The output can be activated within certain hours for set durations. Ideal for misters and foggers. Only avaliable on on/off channel.

Alarms

Smart thermostats call for smart alarms...

Each channel has an individual under temperature, over temperature and sensor failure alarm.

The alarms are customisable on each channel from within the app or on the touch screen.

When an alarm is triggered you will be alerted by a push notification to your mobile phone, a warning buzzer from the touch screen and also the colour of the temperature on the touch screen will change colour. Red for over temperature and Blue for under temperature.

In the event of an alarm power will be cut to the channel until confirmation that the sitauation is back to normal operating conditions.

Over the Air Updates

Once your thermostat is added to your connected account you will be eligible to recieve over the air updates to always keep your hardware running the lastest software.

There are some amazing features in the pipe line for the connected series of thermostats which will be avaliable through the OTA update service.

Dont forget to keep your app up to date from within the app store or play store to ensure the latest version of the app.

Are you looking for a stand for your reptile enclosure? This affordable and lightweight 122x61x61cm Enclosure Stand for 122x61cm-based reptile enclosures is a secure base for your vivarium. VHB (very high bond) tape is used to secure the stand to the enclosure to prevent slipping and misalignment. This sturdy stand is made of the same high-quality materials and features the same pressure corners used in our reptile enclosures, so they work perfectly together!

Specifications

• Note: Compatible with 122x61cm based Original and Meridian enclosures
• Weighs 3.6kg when assembled
• VHB (very high bond) tape included
• Item ships flat and assembles with ease
• Three-year limited warranty

This is a versatile formula for medium-sized and large psittacine birds (Psittacus, Ara, Amazona, Cacatua).

It is formulated for the breeding season. Its composition meets the nutritional requirements of the birds during this time.

It is designed to constitute 100 % of the parrot?s diet. Other foods like fruit and vegetables may be added to give variety to the diet as long as Parrot Breeder is not less than 70 % of the overall diet by weight.

Daily intake ranges between 5 and 12 % of the animal?s body weight in medium-sized species (like the African grey parrot).

In the case of reiterated and/or numerous clutches, it is advisable that birds have access to Calcium Grit Coarse as a calcium source. Birds can regulate their calcium intake according to their needs.

This month we address some key husbandry topics, from ?best practice? for giant snakes to UV for birds. Unfortunately, both areas of exotics keeping seem to have some catching up to do, so we?ve highlighted an excellent example of an anaconda enclosure at Paradise Wildlife Park and outlined the reasons why indoor cage birds need UV lighting.

We also have an unintentional Madagascar focus, as Tim Baker LVI Lead Keeper at Drayton Manor joins us as a guest writer to discuss how the zoo successfully keeps at breed starry night reed frogs. Simon Prentice at Phelsuma Farm also contributes some interesting tips for keeping day geckos.

This month welcomes the addition of our new recurring feature ?Fish Science? with Dr David Pool, as well the usual Keeper Basics, species spotlights, fascinating facts and exotics news.

True 6500K Kelvin LED light source.

• High light levels at the right wavelengths for powerful plant growth.
• Perfect to use increase visible light levels and alongside UVB emitting lamps.
• 20 Watts
• Lumens: > 1700

A complete and nutritionally balanced diet for Goldfish, Koi, Orfe, and all pond fish specially formulated with insect meal to naturally support health and easy digestion whilst reducing waste. A special blend of food sticks to provide a varied diet for all pond fish. Brown Pellets: With added spirulina algae, shrimp, krill, grass meal and carrot to enhance the red and orange colour of your fish. Beige pellets: Contains wheat germ and insect meal for easy digestibility along with natural ingredients to support the fishes immune system. 3mm diameter pellets which are easily consumed by all pond fish over 8cm in length.

Feed 1 ? 2 times per day on as much as your fish will consume in 5 minutes. Avoid overfeeding as any uneaten food will decompose and pollute the water, encouraging algae growth. At water temperatures below 10oC feed FishScience Cold Weather Food.

Make the most of your space and stack your enclosures for a custom look while providing ventilation for the bottom enclosure. This easy-to-assemble and patent-pending Meridian Deluxe Stacking Spacer for 122x61cm-based reptile enclosures can be used as a stand or spacer. It gives you even more flexibility to create a custom reptile Flexible, form-fitted plastic sheet that fits perfectly in 4?x2? reptile enclosures Optional double-sided tape included to fasten the bio-basin to the enclosure Weighs one pound enclosure setup that's perfect for you and your pet! This sturdy deluxe stacking spacer is made of the same high-quality and attractive materials as our reptile enclosures, so they work perfectly together!

Specifications

• Eight security screws for assembly
• Ability to use as a stand or spacer
• Ideal for stacking multiple enclosures with external lighting and heating
• Weighs 6.8kg when assembled
• Front-sliding removable doors
• VHB (very high bond) tape included
• Item ships flat
• Five-year warranty

High quality sinking food specifically formulated for Malawi cichlids and other algae eating fish

Unique 3 algae formula (Spirulina, Chlorella and Kelp) to recreate the natural diet that Malawi Cichlids would eat in the wild

Specially formulated with Insect Meal to promote health and easy digestion whilst reducing waste

Contains natural ingredients to promote your fishes health including Beta Glucans, garlic and omega 3 oils

Naturally enhances the colour of your fish using Spirulina and Chlorella algae

Feeding instructions: Feed 1 ? 2 times per day on as much as your fish will consume in a few minutes. Uneaten food should be removed.

Composition: Cereals, algae (Spirulina, Chlorella, Kelp), insect meal, Fish and fish derivatives, vegetables (Spinach, Paprika, Pea), brewers yeast, garlic, salmon oil, molluscs and crustaceans, lecithin, antioxidants and colourants.

Analysis: Protein 37%, Oil 5%, Fibre 2.2%, Moisture 6%, Ash 4.5%.

Additives: Vitamin A 16,000 IU/kg, Vitamin D3 900 IU/kg, Vitamin C 280mg/kg, Vitamin E 65mg/kg

PSITTACUS PARROT HAND FEEDING FORMULA is a versatile formula for hand-rearing common parrot species like Ring-necked and Asiatic Parakeets, Conures, Quaker Parakeets and Australian parrots (except cockatoos). Not suitable for species with high fat requirements or species belonging to the family Cacatuidae (cockatoos) and the tribe Loriini (lories and lorikeets). It is especially indicated to be used from the moment pin feathers emerge until weaning. It is formulated to constitute 100 % of the baby bird?s daily diet during that period. This will help ensure your baby bird will get all the necessary vitamins, minerals and other nutrients to support growth. PSITTACUS? Parrot Hand Feeding contains the vitamins, minerals and amino acids needed for your baby bird?s health, and thus, no other vitamins or supplements must be offered.

Crude Protein (min.) 21.0 %, Crude Fat (min.) 13 %, Crude Fiber (max.) 5.0 %, Moisture (max.) 9.0 %.

Are King Cobras the most intelligent snakes? TV Herpetologist, Professor Mark O?Shea gives us his thoughts.

Beetles are the largest family of animals on the planet, but which ones make the best pets? Martin French of BugzUK helps us decide.

Tesoros de Colombia Sustainable Farm is leading the path in sustainably producing rare and endangered poison frogs for the pet trade. We caught up with Founder, Ivan Lozano to discuss this ground-breaking project and its implications for conserving some of the world?s rarest amphibians.

Corydoradonae are very popular aquarium fish. Ian Fuller, Founder of Corydoras World and Author of Identifying Corydoradonae gives us scientific insight into the family.

In this month?s ?Keeper Basics? we focus on arid bioactive setups with tips, tricks and product recommendations to give novices the best shot at building a successful setup.

True 6500K Kelvin LED light source.

• High light levels at the correct wavelengths for powerful plant growth.
• Blue and red spectrums to encourage plant growth and flowering.
• Low energy consumption.
• Extendable arms.
• Controller with Dual Channel On/Off LED.
• Supplied with 4 clamp fixings.
• 2 year guarantee.

1. Adapter clips compatible with T5 & T8 fittings.
2. Allows easy retro fitting into the vast majority of existing aquarium light fittings. (Included)
3. Bluetooth controller compatible with Bluetooth Dimming. (Not included)

Are you looking to upgrade your enclosure in the most fantastic way? Does your pet need more enrichment? This Background for Meridian 122x61x61cm Reptile Enclosures looks amazing and allows your pet to climb and explore its home.

The background fits perfectly in the Zen Habitats Meridian 122x61x61cm reptile enclosures, and bonding tape is included for extra security.

• Note: Only compatible with Meridian 122x61x61cm enclosures
• Rigid and durable high-density foam
• Non-toxic and safe for pets
• Includes channels on the back that allow electrical wires to access the wire grommet on the enclosure back
• Bonding tape included to secure the background to the enclosure
• Weighs 10kg

A complete and nutritionally balanced diet for koi and all pond fish. Recreates the natural, insect based diet that koi would eat naturally. Short sticks which are easily consumed by all koi over 8cm in length. Naturally enhances the colour of your koi using Spirulina algae, shrimp, krill, grass meal, pea and carrot. Contains natural ingredients to support your koi?s immune system including garlic, Beta Glucans and omega 3 oils.

Feeding instructions: Feed 1 ? 2 times per day on as much as your fish will eat in 5 minutes. Avoid overfeeding as any uneaten food will decompose and pollute the water, encouraging algae growth.

Composition: Wheat, Maize, Wheat Germ, Vegetables (Pea 10%, carrot 2.5%), Mycoprotein, Herring meal, Insect Meal, (7%), Yeast, Grass meal, Shrimp, Krill, Spirulina algae, Garlic, Sodium hydrogen carbonate, Tocoferols and Rosemary

Analysis: Protein 32%, Oil 4.5%, Fibre 3.0%, Moisture 8%, Ash 5.2%.

Additives: Vitamin A 25,000i.u., Vitamin C 420mg/kg, Vitamin D3 1,500i.u., Vitamin E 95mg/kg

Are you a fan of the natural look and function of a bioactive reptile enclosure? Our bio-basin for 122x61cm-based Original reptile enclosures supports up to 15cm of bioactive substrate so that you can create a custom vivarium for your pet. It helps contain water and prevents it from seeping through the seams of your reptile enclosure.

Specifications

• Flexible, form-fitted plastic sheet that fits perfectly in 4?x2? reptile enclosures
• Optional double-sided tape included to fasten the bio-basin to the enclosure
• Weighs 500g

High quality sinking food specifically formulated for Malawi cichlids and other algae eating fish

Unique 3 algae formula (Spirulina, Chlorella and Kelp) to recreate the natural diet that Malawi Cichlids would eat in the wild

Specially formulated with Insect Meal to promote health and easy digestion whilst reducing waste

Contains natural ingredients to promote your fishes health including Beta Glucans, garlic and omega 3 oils

Naturally enhances the colour of your fish using Spirulina and Chlorella algae

Feeding instructions: Feed 1 ? 2 times per day on as much as your fish will consume in a few minutes. Uneaten food should be removed.

Composition: Cereals, algae (Spirulina, Chlorella, Kelp), insect meal, Fish and fish derivatives, vegetables (Spinach, Paprika, Pea), brewers yeast, garlic, salmon oil, molluscs and crustaceans, lecithin, antioxidants and colourants.

Analysis: Protein 37%, Oil 5%, Fibre 2.2%, Moisture 6%, Ash 4.5%.

Additives: Vitamin A 16,000 IU/kg, Vitamin D3 900 IU/kg, Vitamin C 280mg/kg, Vitamin E 65mg/kg